Gwynne Anthony 2020

ART506 Dissertation 2019. Anthony Gwynne . 19 Two hundred years on and the Industrial Revolution had led to poor living and working conditions in ever expanding, densely populated urban areas leading to slums (Figure 3). Outbreaks of Cholera and other serious diseases, through poor sanitation, damp conditions and lack of ventilation forced the Government to act and led to the first Public Health Act in 1875 (www.parliament.uk) . Figure 3: Slums of the Industrial Revolution 3.2.2 Principles of traditional construction The UK has the oldest building stock in Europe (Nicol et al. 2015) and nearly two- thirds of the building area that exist today will still exist in 2050 (www. architecture2030.org ). Buildings built before 1919 make up approximately one third (34%) of the current buildings in Wales – well above the averages for England (28%), Scotland (19%) and Northern Ireland (12%) (CITB, 2013). Buildings built before 1919 are termed ‘traditional buildings’ and are differentiated from ‘modern buildings’ by virtue of their construction (Whitear and Duxbury). Image Remove d